Source Description

• Secondary Inorganic Aerosols: Particles such as sulfate, nitrate, ammonium are formed in the atmosphere from the interaction of various gases. Potential Sources include powerplants, refineries, brick kilns, vehicles, industry, agriculture, organic waste decomposition, and open drains.
• Soil and Road Dust: Air-borne dust from roads & shoulders, vehicle movement, dry soil, and tillage operations.
• Industry: Furnace, boiler, and metal casting & refining.
• Construction: Building construction & demolition, raw material storage, ready mix concrete plant, and loading & unloading operations at construction site.
• Vehicles: Off & on-road vehicles, petrol, diesel, CNG-powered vehicles, and diesel generator sets.
• Biomass Burning: Wood, dung, agriculture residue, and plant branches & leaves burning.
• Coal and Fly Ash: Combustion of coal, dry fly ash ponds, burning of heavy oils, tandoors, cement storage, distribution, loading & unloading, and construction activities.
• Waste and Plastic Burning: Municipal solid waste, plastic, paper boards, used tires and wire burning.
• Domestic: LPG uses.
• Others: Tire & brake wear, paints, and plastic processing & melting